What Could Raise A Animals Mortality Rate
Causes of Bloodshed and Disease in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Written report
by 1,2,* 
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1
Departamento de Sanidad Animate being, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
two
Departamento de Sanidad Beast, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Espana
*
Writer to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: fifteen November 2019 / Revised: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 Jan 2020 / Published: 17 January 2020
Uncomplicated Summary
Domestic and wild lagomorphs, especially rabbits and hares, are important from an economical, ecological and public health point of view. Both rabbits and hares are susceptible to a wide diverseness of pathological disorders, so that the noesis of the different run a risk factors, causes of death or disease and prevalence rates is relevant from a wellness, economical and welfare perspective. Despite the accumulation of information on lagomorph medicine and pathology, comprehensive published compilations of diagnostic cases in rabbits and hares are scarce. Betwixt 2000 and 2018, 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) from northern Kingdom of spain were necropsied. A wide variety of conditions were identified. The health problems most ofttimes diagnosed were related to parasitic weather (n = 65; 24.34%), bacterial diseases (n = 56; xx.97%), nutritional and metabolic disorders (n = 48; 17.97%), viral infections (n = 31; xi.61%), miscellaneous causes (n = 31; xi.61%), neoplasms (northward = 12; iv.49%), toxicoses (n = 11; 4.11%), trauma-related injuries (n = ix; 3.37%) and finally, congenital diseases (northward = four; i.49%). The species, sex, age and time of the year were predisposing factors in many of the conditions identified. The frequency of presentation and main pathological findings of these disorders were consistent with the nigh of import lagomorph diseases reported in other European countries and other referenced studies.
Abstract
In this study nosotros adamant the causes of mortality and disease in a total of 325 lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) in northern Spain between 2000 and 2018. Risk factors such as the species, age, sexual practice, fourth dimension of year and origin were also considered. Clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings and coincident test results were the footing for the final diagnoses that were reviewed to classify and identify the unlike disorders. A total of 26 dissimilar weather were identified. A single cause of decease or illness was detected in 267 animals. They were grouped into parasitic atmospheric condition (n= 65; 24.34%) represented by encephalitozoonosis, hepatic coccidiosis, hepatoperitoneal cysticercosis, intestinal coccidiosis, parasitic gastritis and cutaneous ectoparasitosis; bacterial diseases (n = 56; twenty.97%) including pseudotuberculosis, bluish breast, skin abscesses, tularemia, pneumonic pasteurellosis and staphylococcal infections; nutritional and metabolic diseases (due north = 48; 17.97%) with epizootic rabbit enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and pregnancy toxemia equally prominent diseases; viral infections (northward= 31; 11.61%) comprising rabbit hemorrhagic illness and myxomatosis and miscellaneous causes (n = 31; 11.61%) where rabbit enteritis complex, renal conditions (nephrosis), oestrus stroke, and arterial bone metaplasia were included; neoplasms (north = 12; 4.49%) represented by uterine adenocarcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, cutaneous fibroma, intestinal lymphoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma; toxicoses (northward = xi; 4.eleven%); trauma-related injuries (n = 9; three.37%) and finally congenital diseases (n = four; one.49%). In 58 animals of the report, some of these conditions were presented jointly. We discuss the detection frequency, possible causes or associated factors of the different pathologies besides as the importance of the different variables considered. View Full-Text
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Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3543719
Link: https://zenodo.org/record/3543719#.Xc7vZ1dKiUk
Clarification: Figures Espinosa et al
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Espinosa, J.; Ferreras, M.C.; Benavides, J.; Cuesta, Due north.; Pérez, C.; García Iglesias, K.J.; García Marín, J.F.; Pérez, V. Causes of Mortality and Disease in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Study. Animals 2020, ten, 158. https://doi.org/x.3390/ani10010158
AMA Style
Espinosa J, Ferreras MC, Benavides J, Cuesta N, Pérez C, García Iglesias MJ, García Marín JF, Pérez V. Causes of Mortality and Disease in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Report. Animals. 2020; 10(one):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010158
Chicago/Turabian Way
Espinosa, José, One thousand. C. Ferreras, Julio Benavides, Nerea Cuesta, Claudia Pérez, M. J. García Iglesias, J. F. García Marín, and Valentín Pérez. 2020. "Causes of Mortality and Disease in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Study" Animals x, no. 1: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010158
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Source: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/1/158
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